Εξειδίκευση τύπου :	Άρθρο σε επιστημονικό περιοδικό
Τίτλος:	Interfacial Molecular Interactions as Determinants of Nanostructural Preservation in Ibuprofen-Loaded Nanoemulsions and Nanoemulsion Gels
Δημιουργός/Συγγραφέας:	Tošić, Anđela Randjelović, Danijela Ivković, Branka Gledović, Ana Stanković, Tijana Đoković, Jelena [EL] Παπαδημητρίου, Βασιλική[EN] Papadimitriou, Vassiliki Ilić, Tanja Savić, Snežana D Pantelić, Ivana
Ημερομηνία:	2025-11-28
Γλώσσα:	Αγγλικά
ISSN:	1999-4923
DOI:	10.3390/pharmaceutics17121532
Άλλο:	41471047
Περίληψη:	Background/Objectives: Nanoemulsions (NEs) are highly promising drug delivery systems that can be made user-friendlier by thickening to nanoemulsion gels (NEGs). However, in order to be regulatory accepted, such a transformation requires systematic understanding of the underlying interactions and stabilization mechanisms, especially when the incorporated active pharmaceutical ingredient may infiltrate the stabilizer layer. Methods: NEs with/without ibuprofen were submitted through direct vs. indirect gelation using three different gelling agents (carbomer 980, xanthan gum, or polyacrylate crosspolymer-6). Multi-technique characterization was employed to demonstrate nanoparticle preservation within the gel networks, a point often neglected when studying nanogels. Results: The nanoemulsion with the most favorable properties (55.07 ± 0.82 nm, PDI 0.075 ± 0.022) was successfully transformed into nanoemulgels with all three gelling agents, both by an indirect and direct approach. The combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed complex interactions and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR)-discerned localization of the small-molecule model drug within the surfactants/co-solvents' microenvironment, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) successfully visualized nanodroplets, with or without the presence of aggregates originating from the applied gelling agent. Conclusions: A series of complementary techniques confirmed the preservation of nanodroplets after transformation while highlighting the potential of novel polyacrylate crosspolymer-6 to produce robust gel network while effectively increasing zeta potential from -11.07 to -30.5 mV and allowing for satisfactory ibuprofen release from nanoparticles.
Τίτλος πηγής δημοσίευσης:	Pharmaceutics
Τόμος/Κεφάλαιο:	17
Τεύχος:	12
Θεματική Κατηγορία:	[EL] Φαρμακευτική τεχνολογία[EN] Pharmaceutical technology [EL] Νανοτεχνολογία[EN] Nanotechnology [EL] Αναλυτική χημεία[EN] Analytical chemistry [EL] Χημική μηχανική[EN] Chemical engineering [EL] Φαρμακευτική χημεία[EN] Pharmaceutical chemistry
Λέξεις-Κλειδιά:	EPI method atomic force microscopy co-solvent effect direct gelation electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy interfacial organization nanodroplet preservation polyacrylate crosspolymer-6
Χρηματοδότης:	Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia
Αναγνωριστικό χρηματοδοτικού προγράμματος:	451-03-136/2025-03/200161 451-03-137/2025-03/200161 451-03-136/2025-03/200026
Κάτοχος πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων:	© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Όροι και προϋποθέσεις δικαιωμάτων:	This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/).
Ηλεκτρονική διεύθυνση στον εκδότη (link):	https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121532
Σημειώσεις:	This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches in Skin Formulation Development and Characterization: Scientific Foundations for Regulatory Transformation.
Εμφανίζεται στις συλλογές:	Ινστιτούτο Χημικής Βιολογίας - Επιστημονικό έργο